We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. The geographic location factor is important since it dictates how well a country can be accessed to do business with and both China and United States have good locations since they are connected to water bodies. That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. The authors suggest that those assumptions are rooted in three essentially false beliefs about modern China: (1) Economics and democracy are two sides of the same coin; (2) authoritarian political systems cant be legitimate; and (3) the Chinese live, work, and invest like Westerners. There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. - Quora Answer (1 of 17): Americans hold the individual in the highest regard, whereas Chinese hold the community in the highest regard. Chinas GDP is forecast to grow 7% to 8% this year. American companies will do so only if U.S. tariffs become more penalizing than moving would be. These officials preside over different tribunals and committees, which can range from civil, administrative to communication, and transport cases. Thats not likely, precisely because in Chinas particular brand of authoritarianism, control is key. Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/economic-and-political-differences-china-vs-united-states. Civic engagement is not just on an individual basis but is also done through the use of groups and communities. 10. Business in the United States moves at a different pace from China. Economic and macro-political changes happening globally is something that international business management must consider before doing business since it will influence the decisions that they make regarding their business. The President and the National Peoples Congress, which is the main body of the country, are all elected by the Peoples Congress. As market research consistently tells us, the majority of individual Chinese investors behave more like traders. The geographic location of a country, its educational, political and legal systems plays a key role in the economic well-being of a country. The differences in the political orders of China and the United States are "irreconcilable", making it difficult to keep relations between the two countries on a stable track, a leading. This suggests that something distinctive to mainland China influences this behavior: long-term unpredictability thats sufficiently recent to have been experienced by or passed on to those now buying stocks. The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? Routledge. Even in Beijing many people wore Mao suits and cycled everywhere; only senior Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials used cars. You cant become a senior leader in China without having proved your worth as a manager. In China, the legal system "is based on civil laws" (Nolan, 2012). /Getty. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. Even now Chinas private consumption represents only about 39% of its GDPway below the U.S. level of 68% and the world average of 63%. Chinas history continues to color its view of international relationsand in large part explains its current obsession with the inviolability of its sovereignty. However, as the world is constantly moving towards a market-based system, the country had to switch to this system that allowed it to increase economic and still maintain its communist status. As the author Yuval Noah Harari has pointed out, liberalism has had few competitors since the end of the Cold War, when both fascism and communism appeared defeated. It seems that the only country that can stifle Chinas growth is China itselfif it makes major policy mistakes. It is important to understand the background of the political systems in both China and the United States in order to compare both, especially the theoretical system of governance they follow, whether a pluralist or oligarchical system. Only a sudden surge of such events would herald an economic crisis. The . The legal system of a country establishes regulations and laws that maintain and indicate the basic values of an entire nation. Hire a professional with VAST experience! This shared quest for predictability explains the continuing attractiveness of an authoritarian system in which control is the central tenet. Routledge. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . The benefits are both financial (for example, access to mortgage loans) and social (permission to buy a ticket on one of the new high-speed trains). Social Structure In China, the social structure is formal and hierarchical. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. However, there are usually lawful ways to get around that. It will take years if not decades for China to catch up in some areas, at great cost. (More than 33 million people were jobless and waiting for relief as of late April.) On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. Bidens proposals have been criticized as new wine in old bottles, and a kind of tinkering; Trump is regarded by Henry Kissinger as marking the end of an old era. In this interview he talks about the accessibility of the Chinese market, Americas demonization of China, what the Chinese dont understand about the U.S., and more. But it wont back off from its territorial claims, all of which predate the Peoples Republic of China. Is a China-U.S. decoupling a real possibility? Additionally, the paper will also give examples of economic and macro-political changes and show why market-based systems are being adopted by transition economies. The continuous growth of technology and infrastructure in many nations has made globalization to reach its climax. Comparision between US, UK, and China's Political Systems The United States Of America is a liberal democratic country, and the basic elements of democracy (majority rule, government by popular consent, one person one vote, and competitive elections, to name a few) are revered. Wherever PAG operates, we adhere to the same environmental, social, and governance policies. Globalization has numerous benefits among them promoting the economy of a country but at the same time, it is faced with several obstacles. Pundits tend to be alarmed by a default here and there. The city of Rongcheng, for example, uses big data (available to the government through surveillance and other data-capturing infrastructure) to give people individualized social credit scores. These are used to reward or punish citizens according to their political and financial virtues or vices. She bought a flatthe first time anyone in her familys history had owned property. It continues apace. The policies that are discussed in the Legislative Branch on the government are also through the civic engagement process, where the representatives elected by the citizens seek to change the policy or create one to serve them (lumen, 2020). The difference between the US and China is that the US is on the North American continent, whereas China lies in Asia. Consequently, inequality is greater in China than in the United States, measured by the Gini coefficient. The country will need to continue to reform and privatize its state-owned firmsand shift from investment to private consumptionor it will not be able to sustain its growth. China, however, has been able to sustain and grow its economy as much as it practices a command economy. 9. Those with low social-credit scores may find themselves prevented from buying an airline ticket or getting a date on an app. One reason that many people misread Chinas trajectory may be thatparticularly in the English-language promotional materials the Chinese use overseasthe country tends to portray itself as a variation on a liberal state, and therefore more trustworthy. The Vietnamese premier is very powerful. The ideological debate that followed was perhaps inevitable. (2016). As Western attention focused on the deepening ties between China and Russia and the potential transfer of Chinese military aid to Moscow, Belarusian ruler Alyaksandr Lukashenka embarked on a three . For instance, a business that wants to invest in China from the US, it must be prepared for more restrictions and should not expect Chines courts to consider the condition that leads to a certain situation since their law does not permit this. Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted. Politicians and business leaders continue to misread Chinas strategy and politics. Westerners failure to appreciate this explains why many still expect China to reduce its role as investor, regulator, and, especially, intellectual property owner when that role is in fact seen as essential by the Chinese government. The Biden administration is expected to restore that policy and to work within the rules of international institutions, which I expect will defuse tensions. -- China's system of political parties is a system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), not a Western-style multiparty system. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! HBR: Chinas economy seems to be the healthiest in the world at the moment. But over the next 30 years, thanks to policies aimed at developing the economy and increasing capital investment, China emerged as a global power, with the second-largest economy in the world and a burgeoning middle class eager to spend. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. Difference between United States of America Political System and China Introduction . Sometimes, in fact, it must sacrifice economic benefits for political or military ones. In fact, China is the only G20 country to have posted positive growth. In our experience, many Westerners dont understand what that means or why it matters. In the China-U.S. ideological competition during the pandemic, what the U.S. seeks is not all about U.S. leadership in the international community nor U.S. economic benefits but rather coping with its identity crisis. But at every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Partycentral to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape all Chinese peoplehas stressed the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist doctrine. Responding, however, will only escalate a lose-lose war, and the entire international community will suffer as a result. Chinas Good War: How World War II Is Shaping a New Nationalism. The world will be lifeless and dull if there is only one single model and one single civilization." For example, the British role in the Opium Wars of the 1840s kicked off a 100-year period that the Chinese still refer to as the Century of Humiliation. A Marxist system is concerned primarily with economic outcomes. Educated in the United States, he worked for the World Bank and J.P. Morgan and taught at the Wharton School. This review discusses recent efforts to systematically compare three leading values in China's philosophical traditionsmeritocracy, hierarchy, and harmony . There are several major differences: China's system is based on the governance of one political party only (China has 8 other parties that serve in a consultative role). Jimmy Dore delivered a monologue on the history of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and how a "tiny cabal" are using the situation for profit on Friday's broadcast of 'Tucker Carlson Tonight' on FOX News. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth. Thus July 2020 polling data from the Ash Center at Harvards Kennedy School of Government revealed 95% satisfaction with the Beijing government among Chinese citizens. Amid the unprecedented challenge of COVID-19, clear differences have emerged between the Chinese and American responses. Unlike China, the U.S. spends more than 50% above its annual revenues leading to high deficits. The U.S. continues to vilify China, and China does itself no favors with its poor policy on human rights. When individuals have the powerto realize their dreams, they will demand a greater say.. The collapse of the USSR appeared to validate that belief, given that the Soviet regimes inability to deliver meaningful economic growth for its citizens contributed to its collapse: Russias eventual integration into the global economy (perestroika) followed Mikhail Gorbachevs political reforms (glasnost). They dont know how capitalist China is. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bellwether Cases, The Conundrum of Non-Criminalization of Marital Rape in India, Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from Public Administration Viewpoint. The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. The United States had maintained a fairly consistent foreign policy until Trump. They still blame foreign interference for many of their misfortunes, even if it occurred more than a century ago. After observing how other nations are doing well under democracy in the international market, countries with command systems are now doing all they can to change this even if it means giving up some of their traditions. This is a belief alien to many Western business executives, especially if theyve had experience with other authoritarian regimes. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. The commission has succeeded in reducing corruption in large part because it is essentially above the lawsomething unimaginable in a liberal democracy. The well-being and economic development is another key branch of a political system that affects business operations (Solinger, 2016). The resulting victory, which for decades the CCP spun as its solo vanquishing of an external enemy, was reinforced by defeat of an internal one (Chiang Kai-shek in 1949), establishing the legitimacy of the party and its authoritarian system. The difference in efficiency between the central and local groups is significant. As the situation worsened, Trump had to rise and respond, only to find more problems revealing themselves hundreds of thousands of confirmed cases of infections awaiting treatment, medical equipment in short supply, the fatal consequences of the hollowing out U.S. industries. What is it that Americans dont understand about China? Both countries have human rights issues, although in different forms. Policy makers, in contrast, looking for ways to gain more control and sovereignty over the future, now play a much longer game than the West does. Both countries have a Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branch. Citizen engagement is integral to the success of every country, whether it be regarding the social welfare or economics of the country, and since both these countries play such a huge role in the International Arena, the comparison of their citizen engagement will be analyzed in this paper. Demonstrators shout "Don't shoot" at the police after curfew as they protest the death of Daunte Wright who was shot and killed by a police officer in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, April 12, 2021. Under this view, whether or not other countries are free and democratic, or whether others deem the U.S. to be so, matters less than the economic benefits the U.S. deserves, including a favorable balance of trade and jobs. In the legislative branch of the government, the members of the Congress are elected through municipal and regional congresses, which can only have members of the Chinese Communist party which are responsible for the creation of policies and laws that affect the livelihood of the citizens of China which the judicial branch oversees and upholds. In the early days of the outbreak, the Trump administration tried everything possible to downplay the severity of the situation attempting to secure the economy and votes in a presidential election year. Leninism, however, is essentially a political doctrine; its primary aim is control. The pandemic has added urgency, but American politicians appear not to have found the answers. By 2020 she was intent on seeing her seven-year-old grandson and infant granddaughter (a second child had only recently become legal) do well. Until Western companies and politicians understand this and revise their views, they will continue to get China wrong. With less than a quarter of Chinas population, America has a death toll about 100 times Chinas and counting. The . Obviously the ideology of nationalist identification under the pandemic has greatly roughened the political landscape for China and the U.S. Collectivism means that the needs of an individual are not emphasized as compared to those of the society and not until recently, most rights of Chinese citizens were not realized. For the Chinese, the key to those outcomes is respect for an appropriate hierarchy, itself a means of control. Many in the West accept the version of China that it has presented to the world: The period of reform and opening begun in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, which stressed the need to avoid the radical and often violent politics of the Cultural Revolution, means that ideology in China no longer matters. China is more corporatism, which is the organization of society by corporate groups such as military and agriculture, which can even be seen through its different selective assemblies and congresses. Springer. Photo by Charles Clegg [CC BY-SA 2.0] Capitalism's global victory has been achieved through two different types of capitalist systems: the liberal meritocratic capitalism that has developed incrementally in the West, and the state-led authoritarian capitalism that is exemplified by China. What has caused the frequent conflicts between the two countries? Shan: Despite initial blunders, China has handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing. -- The CPC is at the core of the country's leadership and the ruling party, while the non-communist parties are participating parties. A command economy is the opposite of a free economy and it is usually dominated by the government which is always controlling major aspects of businesses. For example, in making the case for why it should be involved in the UKs 5G infrastructure rollout, Huawei styled itself the John Lewis of China, in reference to the well-known British department store that is regularly ranked as one of the UKs most trusted brands. The study of geography is centered on the regional system of the human-land relationship, and the core of the study of the geographical system of the human-land relationship is land use change. In the political system of the United States, Democrats are largely associated with liberalism (a political philosophy based on belief in progress) while Republicans are associated with conservatism (a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability). By the 1980s she was in the first generation to go back to university, and even took part in the Tiananmen Square demonstration. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. Chinas leaders argue that its essentially Leninist rule book makes Chinese politics far less arbitrary or nepotistic than those of many other, notably Western, countries (even though the system has its share of back-scratching and opaque decision-making). The closing meeting of the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . Its just not liberal reform. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. Great challenges lie ahead. The political system of China has been operational since its establishment for 50 years. Regardless of who wins, it is unlikely that one of the . Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, A version of this article appeared in the. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. The only obligation they have is to follow the law that in most cases is straightforward. The elite theory focuses on the notion that only a select group of people actually run the government, which are considered elite, while the pluralist theory states that political power is rather shared between the influencing parties. Our own experiences on the ground in China confirm this. And what if the market itself is in China? This kind of an economy is unattractive and completely represent the aspects of totalitarianism and collectivism. However, it also highlighted the different ways in which people of color in the USA are suppressed through political representation and voter suppression. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. This is a natural outcome of the decline in U.S. strength. China is still in the process of building a social safety net that is largely undefined and underfunded, and it has no tax on personal capital gains. Diversity is naturally occurring, whether it be among ethnicities, religions, governing systems or whatever else. Many Chinese not only dont believe that democracy is necessary for economic success but do believe that their form of government is legitimate and effective. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. Does that create new investment opportunities? Lets imagine the personal history of a Chinese woman who is 65 today. The executive branch of the government focuses on enforcing the laws and policies and includes major political figures such as the President and the Cabinet. . At 22,000 miles, it is twice as long as the rest of the worlds combined. That has huge implications for people seeking to do business in China. China is among the most open markets in the world: It is the largest trading nation and also the largest recipient of foreign direct investment, surpassing the United States in 2020. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. Such ideas may appear very different from the outward-facing, Confucian concepts of benevolence and harmony that China presents to its international, English-speaking audience. The old imperial bureaucracy helps modern Chinese to make the government started on more efficient point to absorb interest than any other countries (King, F. J., The United States and China Fourth Edition, 1979, It often compares itself to brands with which Westerners are familiar. Considering that China adopted the system of the dynamic market much later than other nations, it has done remarkably well to have such a positive impact on its economy. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. The point is that a China-based supply chain has proved a blessing, not a curse, in this pandemic. There have been reports of local voters being harassed and pressured into voting for the candidates that are supported by the CCP, and these reports have been identified to be affecting the rising independent candidates in local township elections, where there have been reports of voter rigging as well, and any other party other than the CCP is strongly discouraged which is why the existing parties are all under the control of the CCP (LaFraniere, 2011). When we first traveled to China, in the early 1990s, it was very different from what we see today. China has also defied predictions that its authoritarianism would inhibit its capacity to innovate. But the third assumption can also mislead those seeking to engage with China. But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the 55-64). China and the United States are one of the strongest economies in the world, and both nations are considered superpowers and have contributed significantly to global politics and culture. Even though the nominations are provided by the CCP, citizens can vote for their township and village elections, and in some places, there are direct elections. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. Beijing expats want the "real China" They prefer Chinese language, history, and culture and avoid Western civilization. A Leninist approach to selecting future leaders is also a way the CCP has maintained its legitimacy, because to many ordinary Chinese, this approach produces relatively competent leaders: They are chosen by the CCP and progress through the system by successfully running first a town and then a province; only after that do they serve on the Politburo. During the Cold War in the 20th century, and particularly afterward, the U.S. sought to establish and consolidate its leadership role in the international community in the name of freedom and democracy so much so that U.S. hegemony was also often referred to as hegemonic liberalism.. The legal system of a country plays a key role in terms of its marketing and investment opportunities. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. That leaves much room for growth and many opportunities for investors, particularly in businesses that cater to consumers. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. Voter suppression has been reported through disenfranchising people of color, through restrictions placed on mail-in voting that can cause irregularities in the system and strict voter ID laws that can contribute to issues that can cause certain people to not place votes(McKeever, 2020). But the state-owned sector remains too big and inefficient. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. Its stated purpose was to reduce Americas trade deficit. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. U.S. self-identification has been shaken under these circumstances. But in China the consumer applications have come faster, making more obvious the link between government investment and products and services that benefit individuals. The name of the game in China is scale. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. He believes Chinese people are fixated on. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. Are you seeing a significant shift in supply chains out of China? What the Chinese government does oppose is the system of electoral democracy as . For companies that want to venture into international businesses, it is important to investigate the legal system of that country and how it can affect their day to day business in that nation. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. This paper analyzed the different political structures of both countries and highlighted the stark differences between a democratic state and a communist state, but the analysis also provided one similarity, which was the elitist government structure that existed in both political structures. Third assumption can also mislead those seeking to do business in China confirm this sometimes, in the Square. As to the same time, it is faced with several obstacles or getting a date on individual. Property laws has handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing laws (. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth and groups. Particularly in businesses that cater to consumers prevented from buying an airline ticket or getting a date an. But it wont back off from its territorial claims, all of predate. 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