This condition is called spondylolisthesis. A warrior, however, has a different suffix entirely, sometimes having to do with their description or . able peace able perish able-ableness n suffix - ;-ably also-ibly adv suffix-ac n suffix- Gk -akosof or relating to, var. Pain from spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis starts in the center of the lower back and radiates downward. Discuss words such as easy, cooked and used which can have the prefix -un added to change meaning. Differentiate prefixes that deal with body parts, color, and direction. Nerve roots branch out from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae. This test is no longer used very often, however. The subheading reads, Medical terms have you scratching your head? These "electrical cables" travel through the spinal canal carrying messages between your brain and muscles. Make sure your answer has: There is an error in phone number. Meaning: urinary bladder, Type: combining form Patients with high-grade slips are more likely to experience significant pain and nerve injury and to need surgery to relieve their symptoms and prevent further deterioration. Rule 1. 481-497. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen can help reduce swelling and relieve back pain. 1. periostitis (p. 75) Prefix: peri- meaning surrounding Combining form (word root): ost meaning bone Suffix: itis meaning inflammation 2. osteomylelitis (p. 76) Prefix: oste/o- meaning bone Combining form (word root): myel meaning bone marrow Suffix: -itis meaning inflammation 3. chondromalacia (p. 76) Combining form (word root): chondr/o meaning cartilage Suffix: -malacia meaning abnormal . Meaning: abdomen, abdominal wall, Type: combining form In most cases, the patient can gradually resume sports and other activities with few complications or recurrences. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Jennifer L. Dorsey, PhD has coauthored, revised, and ghostwritten books in the medical, business, and personal growth categories for more than 20 years. When the word ends in y, change the y to i before adding - ness and - ly. Because there is more radiation exposure with CT scans than with regular X-rays, however, your child's doctor may not routinely order this test. Recreate sentences . the forward displacement of a vertebra. Inflectional and Derivational Suffixes Meaning: wrist bones, Type: combining form In some cases the root word is followed by a suffix. and external cardiac massage, The blood vessels that branch from the aorta to carry Meaning: one who, Type: suffix (attached to root) The pars interarticularis is a small, thin portion of the vertebra that connects the upper and lower facet joints. Meaning: to bear, carry; feeling (mental state), Type: suffix Meaning: structure, substance, Type: suffix (attached to root) A vertebra slips out of place onto the vertebra below. 08.15.2022, Will Erstad | suffix for surgically puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid-graphy. The text also defines prefix and suffix. A prefix is a group of letters being added to the beginning of a word for example an, anti, dis etc. They can make a word negative, show repetition, or indicate opinion. el ladrn, la ladrona-el directo, la directora-el (la) detective . Once you know the specific parts of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems a bit better, its time to put your medical terminology expertise into practice. However, when transcribing or reading medical reports the suffix is always clearly written. Enhancing your vocabulary by learning new words can seem overwhelming, but if you know the common prefixes and suffixes of English, you will understand many more words. Meaning: twisted chains, Type: suffix Exceptions to Rule 1. Prefixes help to add meaning to words and make it possible to create new words that are easily understood everywhere. Meaning: structure, formation, Type: prefix Un- also means not. Distinguish suffixes that deal with procedures. Like prefixes, there are many suffixes used in the English language to create a rich vocabulary.Take the suffix -ist for example, by adding this to a word, you have changed the word to describe a person who performs or practices something.So, art becomes artist, a person skilled in a particular art. Meaning: to eat, swallow, Type: combining form Over the course of treatment, your child's doctor will take periodic X-rays to determine whether the vertebra is changing position. Medical vocabulary: suffixes Suffix Meaning Example Algia pain neuralgia Desis fusion arthrorodesis . -graphy/ -graph. Physical therapy. Spondylolysis (spon-dee-low-lye-sis) and spondylolisthesis (spon-dee-low-lis-thee-sis) are common causes of low back pain in children and adolescents. A prefix is a group of letters (or an affix) that's added to the beginning of a word. Always remember that neither suffix nor prefix can be used with every word. It also includes the meaning of each word part and several example words. Your first step is to break it down. The infographic then provides an example using the word otorhinolaryngology. These symptoms result from pressure on the spinal nerve root as it exits the spinal canal near the fracture. One moose, two moose. The goals of treatment for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are to: For most patients with spondylolysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis, back pain and other symptoms will improve with nonsurgical treatment. Definitions of medical term examples from: Word part at the beginning of a medical term that changes the meaning of the word root, A condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin is deficient (Betts et al., 2013), Male sex hormones; for example, testosterone (Betts et al., 2013), Drugs that inhibit the release of acetylcholine (ACh) (Betts et al., 2013), A chemical that elicits a response in the same cell that secreted it (Betts et al., 2013), A science concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The use of drugs, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A signaling molecule that allows cells to communicate with each other over short distances (Betts et al., 2013), When a body is dissected, its structures are cut apart in order to observe their physical attributes and relationships to one another (Betts et al., 2013), Difficulty breathing (Betts et al., 2013), A mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual; also known as quiet breathing (Betts et al., 2013), A process in which muscle fibers are replaced by scar tissue (Betts et al., 2013), A polysaccharide that is converted to glucose (Betts et al., 2013), A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology (National Library of Medicine, 2021), The abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Something that is unknown (Betts et al., 2013), An organelle that contains enzymes that break down and digest unneeded cellular components (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic subcutaneous infection (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Accidental cell death (Betts et al., 2013), An infant during the first 28 days after birth (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Hypothalamic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary gland and important in stimulating uterine contractions in labor, milk ejection during breastfeeding, and feelings of attachment (also produced in males) (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A health professional who has special training in preparing and dispensing (giving out) prescription drugs (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The phenomenon of youthfulness, vitality, and freshness being restored (National Library of Medicine, 2021), General term for a body cell (Betts et al., 2013), The opening that provides for passage of the nerve from the hearing and equilibrium organs of the inner ear (Betts et al., 2013), The outer region of the adrenal gland; secretes steroid hormones (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which an occlusion is mechanically widened with a balloon (Betts et al., 2013), A very small artery that leads to a capillary (Betts et al., 2013), Joint replacement surgery (Betts et al., 2013), The cheeks, tongue, and palate (Betts et al., 2013), Large airway that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to a lung (Betts et al., 2013), Branches of the bronchi (Betts et al., 2013), A thin connective tissue sac filled with lubricating liquid (Betts et al., 2013), A form of cancer that affects the stratum basale of the epidermis (Betts et al., 2013), The study of the heart (Betts et al., 2013), The curve between the brain stem and forebrain (Betts et al., 2013), An important component of bile acids; a building block of many hormones (Betts et al., 2013), A type of cancer that forms in bone cartilage (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart (Betts et al., 2013), Made of hyaline cartilage and located at the end of each rib (Betts et al., 2013), Completely surrounds and protects the brain from non-traumatic injury (Betts et al., 2013), Examination of the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope, inserted into the urethra (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders (Betts et al., 2013), The first portion of the small intestine (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the duodenum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgical removal of all or part of the tongue (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The production of blood cells (Betts et al., 2013), Carriers blood to the liver for processing before it enters circulation (Betts et al., 2013), The study of tissues (Betts et al., 2013), Surgery to remove the uterus and, sometimes, the cervix (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The longest part of the small intestine (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which the ileum is brought through the abdominal wall (Betts et al., 2013), The lower and back part of the hip bone (Betts et al., 2013), The large, roughened area of the inferior ischium (Betts et al., 2013), An intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties (Betts et al., 2013), A cartilaginous structure inferior to the laryngopharynx that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs; also known as the voice box (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the larynx (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue (Betts et al., 2013), The breakdown of adipose tissue (Betts et al., 2013), The second most common type of leukocyte and are essential for the immune response (Betts et al., 2013), Modified sweat glands that produce breast milk (Betts et al., 2013), The membranes that surround the central nervous system (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the meninges, the tough membranes that surround the central nervous system (Betts et al., 2013), Refers to both the muscular system and skeletal system (Betts et al., 2013), The middle and thickest muscle layer of the heart (Betts et al., 2013), Lipid-rich layer of insulation that surrounds an axon, formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system; facilitates the transmission of electrical signals (Betts et al., 2013), A highly specialized tubular structure responsible for creating the final urine composition (Betts et al., 2013), Cells that propagate information via electrochemical impulses (Betts et al., 2013), Responsible for eye movements (Betts et al., 2013), A gene that is a mutated form of a gene involved in normal cell growth and may cause the growth of cancer cells (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Abnormal changes in the shape, color, texture, and growth of the fingernails or toenails (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgery to remove one or both ovaries (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Carriers signals from the retina to the brain (Betts et al., 2013), Provides blood to the eyes (Betts et al., 2013), Surgery to remove one or both testicles; also called orchiectomy (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Three small bones located in the middle ear (Betts et al., 2013), A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat; also called ENT doctor (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The oocyte and its supporting cells (Betts et al., 2013), Any bone in the fingers or toes (Betts et al., 2013), Finger and toe bones (Betts et al., 2013), The tonsil located at the back of the throat; also known as the adenoid when swollen (Betts et al., 2013), A medical professional trained to draw blood, typically by performing a venipuncture of a surface vein of the arm (Betts et al., 2013), The nerve connected to the spinal cord at cervical levels 3 to 5; it is responsible for the muscle contractions that drive ventilation (Betts et al., 2013), The membrane that wraps around the outside of your lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity (Betts et al., 2013), The space between the lung's visceral and parietal layers (Betts et al., 2013). Jennifer L. Dorsey, PhD has coauthored, revised, and ghostwritten books in the medical, business, and personal growth categories for more than 20 years. Instru Course Lec, Vol. He","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"

Once you know the specific parts of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems a bit better, its time to put your medical terminology expertise into practice. by Ekpark1. Identify the case by writing nom. Check out this list of lymphatic roots and suffixes. Learn a new word every day. After the root of the word? Please visit www.rasmussen.edu/degrees for a list of programs offered. Like prefixes, suffixes could be placed into different categories of meaning. It is common that suffixes will not be explicitly stated when defining a medical term in the workplace. Meaning: pertaining to, full of, Type: combining form Meaning: embryonic, immature, Type: suffix Heres a list of cardio roots, prefixes, and suffixes. (Usually O) links the root to the suffix or root to another root; has no meaning, joins one word part to another. By selecting "Submit," I authorize Rasmussen University to contact me by email, phone or text message at the number provided. Beneath the example, the texts reads that most medical terms come in two formats. The prefix is 'im'. Hence it remains attached before a word to change its original meaning. Spondylolisthesis is typically classified as isthmic or degenerative. Answer (1 of 4): My understanding is it vaugely denotes some general disorder of the system. [3, 6] Up to 5% of children aged 5-7 years have been found to have spondylolysis, many of whom are asymptomatic.The incidence increases up to the 7% by age 18. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9295"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":34086,"title":"Terminology","slug":"terminology","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/34086"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":267149,"title":"How the Urinary System Works","slug":"how-the-urinary-system-works","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","medical","terminology"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267149"}},{"articleId":267144,"title":"Integumentary System: Glands, Hair, and Nails","slug":"integumentary-system-glands-hair-and-nails","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","medical","terminology"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267144"}},{"articleId":267136,"title":"How the Muscular System Works","slug":"how-the-muscular-system-works","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","medical","terminology"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267136"}},{"articleId":267130,"title":"How the Skeletal System Works","slug":"how-the-skeletal-system-works","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","medical","terminology"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/267130"}},{"articleId":209448,"title":"Medical Terminology For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"medical-terminology-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","medical","terminology"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/209448"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":true,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282388,"slug":"medical-terminology-for-dummies-3rd-edition","isbn":"9781119625476","categoryList":["body-mind-spirit","medical","terminology"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119625475/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119625475/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119625475-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119625475/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119625475/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/jimages/9781119625476.jpg","width":250,"height":350},"title":"Medical Terminology For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n

Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRT has more than 40 years of experience in medical terminology and transcription as both an educator and manager. Meaning: crooked, bent, Type: combining form Spinal cord and nerves. 06/19/2017, Brachycephalic. Meaning: tumor, mass, collection of fluid, Type: suffix Wilson. Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America). Root: central part of a word. Meaning: drooping, sagging, prolapse, Type: suffix Rasmussen University has been approved by the Minnesota Office of Higher Education to participate in the National Council for State Authorization Reciprocity Agreements (NC-SARA), through which it offers online programs in Texas. Imaging tests will help confirm the diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. adip/o. Intervertebral disks. Rasmussen University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, an institutional accreditation agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education. 2023 Rasmussen College, LLC. Spondylolisthesis is a condition involving spine instability, which means the vertebrae move more than they should. Announcement: We just launched Online Math Tools - a . Noun Suffixes-acy: quality or state Your child's doctor will carefully examine your child's back and spine, looking for: The doctor will also observe your child's posture and gait (the way they walk). This website also contains material copyrighted by third parties. Suffixes are one of the two predominant kinds of affixes the other kind is prefixes, which come at the beginning of a root word. The basic idea is to fuse together the affected vertebrae so that they heal into a single, solid bone. Facet joints. While suffix is also a letter or a group of letters, but it appears at the end of any word. So, let's take a look at 50 different prefixes and suffixes with their . The distinction between the two is clear (now). sis k-f-ss : exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic region of the spine resulting in a rounded upper back compare lordosis kyphotic k-f-tik adjective Example Sentences Recent Examples on the Web The curve was 105 degrees; a normal curve at the top of the spine, known as kyphosis, is 40 degrees. Let's look at the verb read.This verb can be turned into a noun by adding the suffix -er so . A suffix is found after a combining form of a word root and adds to the meaning of the word root. suffix process of producing a picture or record . spondylolisthesis: improper alignment of vertebra . All other structural conditions, including arthritis, degenerated discs and intervertebral herniations, demonstrate no increased risk to dispose an affected person towards experiencing back pain. Differentiate prefixes that deal with body parts, color, and direction. spondylolisthesis (n.) medical Latin, from Greek spondylos (see spondylo-) + oliothesis "dislocation, slipping." Entries linking to spondylolisthesis spondylo- before vowels spondyl-, combining form meaning "vertebrae," from Greek spondylos "a vertebra," in plural "the backbone," variant of sphondylos, of uncertain origin. Prefix. Listhesis displacement spondylolisthesis Lysis breaking down, reduction hydrolysis Ocentesis puncture, aspiration of amniocentesis Ogram examination of cholangiogram . (3) If the base word has 1 syllable, 1 short vowel, and 1 final consonant, double the final consonant before adding the vowel suffix. heart, Instrument used to measure blood pressure, Flow of blood from body cells to the heart and then back out of Most commonly, this fracture occurs in the fifth vertebra of the lumbar spine, although it sometimes occurs in the fourth lumbar vertebra. Pre means "before." Prefixes may also indicate a location, number, or time. Computed Tomography (CT) Scans. So before you use them, you need to keep in mind certain aspects. (Many scientific and mathematical prefixes have been omitted.) Meaning: loins, lower back, Type: combining form Meaning: metacarpals, Type: combining form megacolon (abnormally large colon = large intestine) -scopy/ -scopic. When adding the suffixes - ness and - ly to a word, the spelling of the word does not change. An X-ray taken from the side will help your doctor determine the amount of forward slippage. He is passionate about learning and enjoys writing engaging content to help current and future students on their path to a rewarding education. Here are some common cardiovascular and lymphatic vocabulary words.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Word	What It Means
Anticoagulant	Agent or drug that slows the clotting process
Aorta	Largest artery in the body
Atrium, Atria	Upper chambers of the heart
Auscultation	Hearing sounds in the body through a stethoscope
Blood pressure	Pressure exerted by blood against the vessel walls
Capillary	Smallest blood vessel
Cardiac	Pertaining to the heart
Cardiologist	Physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart
Cardiology	Study of the heart and its diseases
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation:	(CPR) Emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation\nand external cardiac massage
Coronary arteries:	The blood vessels that branch from the aorta to carry\noxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Diastole	The relaxation phase of the heart beat
Endocardium	Inner lining of the heart
Erythrocyte	Red blood cell
Hematologist	Physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood
Hematology	Study of the blood
Hemolysis	Breakdown of blood
Hemostasis	Stoppage of bleeding
Immunoglobulins	Antibodies secreted by plasma cells
Leukocyte	White blood cell
Manometer	Instrument used to measure pressure of fluid
Mitral valve	Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Myelogenous	Produced by the bone marrow
Occlude	To be closed tightly
Percussion	Tapping of the body surface with fingers to determine density\nof the part beneath
Peyers patches	Lymphatic filters located in the small intestine
Pulmonary arteries	Arteries carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to\nlungs
Pulmonary circulation	Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the\nheart
Pulmonary veins	Veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the\nheart
Sinoatrial (S-A) node	Pacemaker of the heart
Sphygmomanometer	Instrument used to measure blood pressure
Systemic circulation	Flow of blood from body cells to the heart and then back out of\nthe heart to the cells
Systole	Contracting phase of the heartbeat
Thrombocyte	Clotting cell or platelet
Venae cavae	The largest veins in the body; the superior and inferior bring\nblood into the right atrium

","description":"

Once you know the specific parts of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems a bit better, its time to put your medical terminology expertise into practice. (nominative) or obj. Bracing. Accessed 1 Mar. Delivered to your inbox! Meaning: process of recording, Type: suffix (Center) Spondylolysis occurs when there is a fracture of the pars interarticularis. In spondylolysis, a crack or stress fracture develops through the pars interarticularis (pars fracture). Small part attached to beginning of a term; not in all medical terms. Study Ch 11 - Genitourinary Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes flashcards from Gayle Stephens's Med-Assist School of Hawaii Inc class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Meaning: to bind, tie, connect, Type: combining form Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are more likely to occur in young people who participate in sports that require frequent overstretching (hyperextension) of the lumbar spine such as gymnastics, football, and weightlifting. blood into the right atrium. Which suffixes denote a condition or disease. Specific exercises can help improve flexibility, stretch tight hamstring muscles, and strengthen muscles in the back and abdomen. As you probably already know, the medical field is not home for simple terminology. Meaning: condition, usually abnormal, Type: suffix When a kit is born, it is up to their parents, usually their mother, to give them their prefix. Word prefix root suffix definition Spondylolisthesis. Here is an image of a spine with significant spondylosis: Now let's add -listhesis. A procedure that uses a proctoscope to look inside the anus and rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgery to remove part or all of the prostate and some of the tissue around it (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Tissue with a single layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer (Betts et al., 2013), A medical doctor who specializes in neuroscience and diagnoses and treats mental disorders (Betts et al., 2013), Radioactive isotopes (Betts et al., 2013), The outer region of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla (Betts et al., 2013), A disease that causes deterioration of the retinas of the eyes (Betts et al., 2013), A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the nose (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber (Betts et al., 2013), A group of severe mental disorders in which a person has trouble telling the difference between real and unreal experiences, thinking logically, having normal emotional responses to others, and behaving normally in social situations (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Examination of the lower colon using a sigmoidoscope, inserted into the rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A male gametocyte from which a spermatozoon develops (Betts et al., 2013), Enlarged spleen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which the heart valves become rigid and may calcify over time (Betts et al., 2013), The only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A chamber located within the upper human torso which contains the heart and lungs (Betts et al., 2013), A class of drugs that can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal clot (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the thyroid gland (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A smooth muscle that bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary organs in females and the urinary and reproductive organs in males (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Pertaining to the vagina (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Distended, twisted veins (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The two major systemic veins (Betts et al., 2013), A green pigment that captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Composed of DNA and proteins; the condensed form of chromatin (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the oxygen supply is restricted, causing the skin to look blue (Betts et al., 2013), Pigment that gives the hair and skin its color (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The record of the heart's function produced by the electrocardiograph (Betts et al., 2013), The energy matter possesses because of its motion (Betts et al., 2013), An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region (Betts et al., 2013), Cancer that forms in the soft tissues in a type of muscle called striated muscle (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A specialized receptor in the eye that responds to light stimuli (Betts et al., 2013), Immature erythrocytes (Betts et al., 2013), Lateral curvature of the spine (Betts et al., 2013), Treatment of disease using heat (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Moves the bone away from the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Moves the bone toward the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with the time a female is pregnant, before birth occurs; also called prenatal (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical removal of the prepuce (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the number of neutrophils in the blood goes in cycles from normal to low and back to normal again (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues (Betts et al., 2013), The process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (Betts et al., 2013), A ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (Betts et al., 2013), The outer, protective layer of the skin (Betts et al., 2013), Exhalation, or the process of causing air to leave the lungs (Betts et al., 2013), Located below the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible (Betts et al., 2013), Extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The fluid interior of the cell (Betts et al., 2013), The middle germ layer in the embryo (Betts et al., 2013), The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body (Betts et al., 2013), Small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in identifying diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures; consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium (Betts et al., 2013), The period of approximately 6 weeks immediately following childbirth (Betts et al., 2013), A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer (Betts et al., 2013), Located behind the peritoneum (Betts et al., 2013), The layer of skin directly below the dermis (Betts et al., 2013), A position above or higher than another part of the body proper (Betts et al., 2013), The upper part of the larynx (voice box), including the epiglottis (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Absorbed through the unbroken skin (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Muscles with two origins (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the heart beats slower than 50 beats per minute (Betts et al., 2013), A cell containing two matched sets of chromosomes (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side is larger than the other (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Made up of elements or ingredients that are not alike (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A term that describes having two identical versions of the same gene (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormally high blood pressure (Betts et al., 2013), Blood pressure goes below the homeostatic set point when standing (Betts et al., 2013), Having the same intensity as another object (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A large cell derived from a monocyte; they participate in innate immune responses (Betts et al., 2013), Smaller than most of the other glial cells; they ingest and digest cells or pathogens that cause disease (Betts et al., 2013), A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Below-average production of urine (Betts et al., 2013), Excessive urine production (Betts et al., 2013), A group of four muscles located on the anterior (front) thigh (Betts et al., 2013), The generic name for the the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the resting rate is above 100 bpm (Betts et al., 2013), A congenital heart condition comprised of four defects (Betts et al., 2013), The three-headed muscle that extends the forearm (Betts et al., 2013), A word part added to the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word root, Having to do with the heart (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A type of immature white blood cell that forms in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Chest pain (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Of or pertaining to the esophagus (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A group of related disorders in which there is the inadequate production of functional amounts of one or more clotting factors (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disease of the skin marked by red patches covered with white scales (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland (Betts et al., 2013), Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints (Betts et al., 2013), Pertaining to the body's ability to mount an overwhelming immune response against a pathogen so that it cannot produce disease (Betts et al., 2013), Sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands; also known as epithelial tissue (Betts et al., 2013), Causing the breakdown of bone (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency (Betts et al., 2013), A disorder that results in the growth of bones in the face, hands, and feet in response to excessive levels of growth hormone in individuals who have stopped growing (Betts et al., 2013), A membrane layer of the CNS that resembles a spider web (Betts et al., 2013), A type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with water (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which there is an insufficient number of platelets (Betts et al., 2013), Difficulty swallowing (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Loss of language function (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormal growth due to the production of cells (Betts et al., 2013), Paralysis on one side of the body (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disorder characterized by the cessation of breathing during sleep (Betts et al., 2013), The process by which the body produces blood (Betts et al., 2013), Programmed cell death (Betts et al., 2013), Frequent and watery bowel movements (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The generalized loss of compliance; "hardening of the arteries" (Betts et al., 2013), A serious condition that occurs when there is an extremely low number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things (Betts et al., 2013), The enlargement of muscles (Betts et al., 2013), The absence of urine production (Betts et al., 2013), Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A medical procedure that uses chemicals or drugs to cause inflammation and adhesion between the layers of the pleura to prevent buildup of fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical procedure to remove all or part of a breast (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The instrument that generates an electrocardiogram (ECG); 10 electrodes are placed in standard locations on the patient's skin to record heart function (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) to look at tissues and organs inside the chest (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A blood pressure cuff attached to a measuring device (Betts et al., 2013), The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), An opening into the colon from the outside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure in which one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes are separated from the uterus and attached to the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis, or trauma (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). 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