Family, friends, jazz musicians, and more gather for these lively funerals. Known as " the birthplace of jazz ," New Orleans is a place where jazz permeates every aspect of culture. If you have more than 200 participants more police officers will be required. We cannot give you customized advice on your situation or needs, which would require the service Any information you provide to Cake, and all communications between you and Cake, You certainly can do it yourself, says Embree, but I think the reason we get a lot of our gigs is because we offer that service Its not that its hard, but you have to deal with two different departments One for the permit and another for the detail cops Most people consider that $150 service charge to be a bargain for that.. Where did these social clubs of New Orleans come from? Create a free Cake end-of-life planning profile and instantly share your health, legal, funeral, and legacy decisions with a loved one. The New . Sign up for special tips, offers, and info about all the latest happenings around NOLA with our monthly Insiders Guide, delivered right to your inbox. Last minutes bookings are OK, too, he says, though not for weddings. The city of New Orleans has long been known for its vibrant culture and colorful traditions, and one of the most iconic of these is the funeral procession. Shots rang out on Terpsichore Street around 9:30 p.m. as the parade was under way, New Orleans Police Department Chief Deputy Hans Ganthier told reporters during a press conference recorded by WDSU. Unfortunately, these arent something you can plan to see. New Orleans Funeral and Cremation Service organizes community events like grief support, remembrance day, and pre-planning seminars. By the end, they were laughing and celebrating in a joyous affair. Since the dawn of jazz, people have expressed themselves through upbeat tempos and brassy sound. A brass band plays some beats that gets everyone dancing and moving. A Jazz Funeral Procession While the funeral procession is dressed in black, that is . Funerals for jazz musicians are a big part of New Orleans culture, and it is appropriate to refer to them as second-tier funerals. You can find all the fees listed here. Each provider is evaluated based on the quality and quantity of their reviews, their presence on multiple review sites, and their average . She said she sought cover before retreating into a relative's nearby house. Indeed, the term second line parade refers to those who join in the rolling excitement. We also may earn commission from purchases made through affiliate links. There will be a parade-like march through the streets in excitement, and everyone is welcome to join in. You dont have to be dead and/or famous to get a second line parade. After this the music becomes more upbeat, often starting with a hymn or spiritual number played in a swinging fashion, then going into popular hot tunes. You dont even have to live here. People in the front are known as first liners and . Sidney Bechet, a noted jazz trumpeter and composer from New Orleans, once said that music was as much a part of death as it was of life. In the last three years Id say we average about 100 parades a year, he says. Photo courtesy of Jazzman Entertainment on Facebook. Police escort fees are structured by the police officers rank, number, and whether its a holiday. If there is insufficient attendance, it is preferable to sit near the front of the room out of respect. Less than two (2) hour notification means that all police fees shall be forfeited for that date, The parade route, along with the size of the parade, will determine the number of police officers needed for the parade escort. Some bands, like Storyville Stompers and Panorama Jazz Band, do a lot of second lines. [citation needed], The tradition blends strong European and African cultural influences. For example, Embree points out that his band always offers to play for up to an hour. Following the funeral service, a jazz funeral procession is led by the marching band and attended by family, friends, and others who mourn the death of the deceased. This West African tradition found a home in New Orleans jazz culture. Following the funeral service, many families will have a repast or a funeral luncheon. Funerals in traditional jazz are distinguished by two parts: the wake and the service. Yes, they do, in a nutshell. Second lines are our pride, joy, and what makes us unique. Here is the full schedule of Mardi Gras parades for Tuesday, Feb. 21, according to the city Mardi Gras site. This is what distinguishes this city from other cities all over the world. The legendary Krewe of Rex was expected to follow Zulu at 10:30 a.m. local time, according to the New Orleans Mardi Gras website. Blending both European and African influences, this brass music is unlike none other in the world. Baby Dolls and Treme Brass Band photo by Zack Smith. Music, as a form of both life and death, is a part of our daily lives, and we can pass it on to future generations. The first is usually drumming out a typical marching brass band beat and the other, the snare . If seeing the second line in action is important to you, head to one of the large churches on the weekends. Local musicians play parade down the street during a jazz funeral held for local bass drummer Uncle Lionel Batiste July 20, 2012 in New Orleans,. A New Orleans Jazz Funeral is a Celebration of life and death in honoring those who have earned cultural rights. All Rights Reserved. Music is also played at funerals in Louisiana, which is a unique custom. "I think a lot of people were in shock and I think a lot of people were scared. Now, the second line is often made up of social club members. Funeral Second Lines Jazz funerals are a major part of New Orleans culture, and with jazz funerals, they come second. ", "It didn't used to be like this," she added. Heralded by the blare of an approaching trumpet or thump of a tuba, these colorful, vivacious parades appear and completely take over one or more blocks at a time, seeming to come from nowhere like a sudden downpour from a sunny summer sky, and disappearing almost as quickly around the next bend. All Rights Reserved, What to Say to Someone Who has Lost a Pet, Attending Funeral Services: Your Funeral Etiquette Questions Answered, Top 8 Things to Never Say to the Bereaved. Now, the author and filmmaker Jason Berry has borrowed City of a Million Dreams as the title for his documentary about New Orleans street parades. Even more grand was the jazz funeral for Tuba Fats (Anthony Lacien) in 2004. It remained one of his signature songs for the rest of his long and glorious career. Perhaps Walt Whitman observed a black brass band funeral during his stay in New Orleans in 1847. The participants dress in traditional funeral attire, such as black suits and ties, and march in a solemn yet celebratory manner. . New Orleans Jazz Funerals are public burial services for prominent community members; traditionally African American males. During this time, family, friends, and colleagues can share stories and memories about the deceased, comfort and support one another, and commemorate his or her life. [5], The tradition was widespread among New Orleanians across ethnic boundaries at the start of the 20th century. of an actual attorney. 2023 Neworleans.com All Rights Reserved. People on the streets where the march passed were welcome to join in and go along with the mourners to the cemetery. Perhaps the jazz funeral of the highest honor was held on August 29, 2006, in memory of the 1,700 victims of Hurricane Katrina in Mississippi and Louisiana. Parades may be permitted up to 15 days before the event has been scheduled. All this means it can be difficult for visitors to find information about upcoming second lines, or even to catch up with a parade. Music is as much a part of death as it is of life, New Orleans jazz great Sidney Bechet once said. There are funeral processions in New Orleans that serve as a reminder that life continues after death. For more information on second-lines and their history, visit the Backstreet Cultural Museum and the House of Dance and Feathers. New Orleans loves parades on just about any occasion. Police officers work on the scene of a shooting that occured during the Krewe of Bacchus parade in New Orleans, Feb. 19, 2023. Its a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, dont pass it up, says Embree (the glowing feedback and the pictures back it up). A second line, by its very nature, invites crowd participation. The parades are not tied to any particular event, holiday or commemoration; rather, they are generally held for their own sake and to let the good times roll. Another tradition is the famous Jazz Funeral. The specifics will depend on your casket. Cake offers its users do-it-yourself online forms to complete their own wills and In the processions, music and dancing provide a lively celebration of life and death. [1] The preferred description was "funeral with music"; while jazz was part of the music played, it was not the primary focus of the ceremony. Second lines trace their roots back to the 19th century and the fraternal societies and neighborhood organizations that collectively provided insurance and burial services to members, especially among the African American community. It plays an important role in every aspect of life, including how locals honor and celebrate the lives of the departed. This is the joie de vivre everyone talks about in New Orleans. Whitacre, Caryn. If youre looking for some excitement and fun, grab your partner, get ready for Cajun Dance, and then hurry. His lifelike wax statue was in his procession and thousands lined the route on the way to his final resting place in a donated tomb in St. Louis No. Remember, the first walk is sorrowful, relying on slow hymnals. A parade permit is $200.25 ($100.25 for nonprofits), minimum escort fee is $384.97, but maybe higher depending on the length of the route and the parade elements (pyrotechnics, for instance). Discover more music, concerts, videos, and pictures with the largest catalogue online at Last.fm. A cremation is the only option for removing the remains; the ashes can be placed in urns or spread into the Mississippi River. Its difficult to imagine a more beautiful sight than the funeral motorcades in New Orleans, Louisiana. One of the essential parts of jazz funerals is the first and second lines. A jazz funeral will typically cost between $3,000 and $10,000. Following the funeral service, musicians, funeral directors, family, and friends march from the funeral site to the cemetery, where a brass band plays in the background. A Second Line to Commemorate the Anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. This is a way for the people of New Orleans to pay their respects to the deceased and celebrate their life. ET, according . When I joined the parade, pallbearers had already "cut the body loose" - taken the coffin out of the horse-drawn hearse and hefted it in the air three times - in front of the Palm Court. Other Titles: New Orleans funeral and parade NEW ORLEANS On Jan. 13, the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival announced the lineup for the 2023 festival that will take place April 28 May 7. Today, these umbrellas arent likely to be plain. They have been identified as a 4-year-old girl, an 18-year-old man, a 22-year-old woman and a 24-year-old woman. Parade Animals embroidery design- new orleans animals- mardi gras parade embroidery design Ad vertisement by GoGoDesign225. . "It was a continuous loud noise that kept going off. Submit the paperwork at least 15 days prior to the event date to the One Stop Shop, City Hall, 7th floor, 1300 Perdido St., New Orleans 70112. Some bands that are hired directly, he notes, might only stay for 20 minutes or so. In many cases, a musical prelude is used as the start of the funeral. Essential New Orleans Three-Day Itinerary, Downtown/Central Business District Hotels and Lodging, LGBTQ Bachelor / Bachelorette Party Itinerary, New Orleans' Most Iconic Cocktails (And Where to Find Them). This would also involve hiring the band directly, plus the grand marshal, and any additional musicians, costumed revelers, dancers, and stilt walkers. How do you find and see a jazz funeral in New Orleans? People still join these clubs today to secure a brass band for their own funeral. A man is in custody after one person was killed and four others -- including a 4-year-old girl -- were injured in a shooting Sunday night along a Mardi Gras parade route ahead of the city's . Home | About Us | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service Copyright 2023 Funeralwise, LLC. A jazz band accompanies the procession to celebrate the life of the deceased. Those who follow the band just to enjoy the music are called the second line, and their style of dancing, in which they walk and sometimes twirl a parasol or handkerchief in the air, is called second lining. In general, band fees vary greatly depending on the time of the week (higher on weekends), the season, and the bands availability and popularity. An Exploration Into the Lived Experience of the Jazz Funeral.. GoGoDesign225. A memorable send-off is built around the combination of dance, music, and New Orleans distinct flavor. The oldest cemetery in New Orleans and a member of the National Register of Historic Places has been restored to its original condition. They collected dues over time from their members. new orleans funeral . The slain . According to renowned New Orleans jazz trumpeter Sidney Bechet, music is as much a part of death as it is of life. These lines from "Song of Myself" capture--though perhaps by coincidence--the spirit of a jazz funeral: Mourners are joined by a brass band that plays music that starts off heavy and sad but soon turns celebratory. 2023 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. This option will cost more but it may be worth it to save the time and to skip all the steps to the fun part showing up for your parade. NEW ORLEANS A funeral procession on a hot day may be the cause of death for this New Orleans horse.The horse, named Bradley, was owned by Charbonnet Funeral Home (Mid City Carriages.) Like all things in New Orleans, Jazz funerals are vibrant, jubilant celebrations. It is typically a festive event, as the procession moves through the city with joyful music and dancing. They reflect the color and excitement of New Orleans while adding artistic tradition to the jazz procession. Jazz Funerals of New Orleans, the museums 16th permanent exhibit, examines the history of funeral homes in New Orleans. Postcard panorama of "Rex" parade on Canal Street, New Orleans Mardi Gras, 1904, via Wikimedia Commons. We dont normally book more than 365 days out, he says, but we do a lot of bookings six to eight months out.. They range in size, level of organization and traditions, but in all cases they will include a brass band, jubilant dancing in the street and members decked out in a wardrobe of brightly colored suits, sashes, hats and bonnets, parasols and banners, melding the pomp of a courtly function and the spontaneous energy of a block party, albeit one that moves a block at a time. In most cases, funerals for jazz musicians are for members of the band, but anyone can request one. olive cafe biratnagar menu; how to remove text from image in canva; ted north cause of death; number 7 bus times weston super mare; david raubenolt $6 million; weird laws in argentina; eric fischer obituary; essex probate and family court lawrence; Either way, they do all the planning for you. Jazz - and jazz funeral processions - have been treasured New Orleans traditions since the late 19th Century. Everyone is welcome to join in and many do. There was a moment of silence in the small community where the hurricane first made landfall, tolling bells at 9:38 a.m. to commemorate the breach of the first levee and an interfaith prayer service. Once the body is laid to rest, these umbrellas turn into a prop for dancing and fun. Louis Armstrong recorded a popular version of "Down By the Riverside.". A New Orleans funeral is often referred to as a jazz funeral. These are the people who knew the deceased personally and closely. This group was referred to as the second line. The brass band would play a couple more hymns, though these were played with a swing beat, to alert mourners that the mood was about to change, thenthey would launch into wilder music with tambourines and drums. 1:03. In American culture, this type of funeral caught on among the African- American population of the deep south, but, as the tradition was not welcomed by the Catholic church, was restricted largely to the black Protestants of New Orleans and came to be the funeral of choice particularly among impoverished people and musicians. Either way, its considered respectful to dress in black or other neutral colors. New Orleans bids farewell today to its Carnival season with its iconic Mardi Gras parades featuring dazzling floats and beaded out performers. Eye-catching attire, like what's pictured in this 1985 photo of the parade . The practice is a part of the African American community in New Orleans and is an excellent way to remember the deceased. Accept, Where It Started: Brief History of New Orleans Jazz Funerals, New Orleans Jazz Funeral Traditions & Protocol, One of the essential parts of jazz funerals is the first and second lines. Finally, if you want to customize the handkerchiefs, go-cups, or any other throws with your name and the date (people often do, especially for weddings), youll have to coordinate that too with one of the local companies. ", Bowerman recalled looking down at the aftermath to see "people sobbing everywhere. The. The second line is made up of spectators who join or follow the main line as well as people who make contributions to the parade. Pinterest. In New Orleans African-American funeral tradition, the brass band plays a dirge for the processional, following the hearse, and preceding the mourners. Find out what to do and discover resources to help you cope. shaka wear graphic tees is candy digital publicly traded ellen lawson wife of ted lawson anne montgomery new orleans. In the James Bond film Live and Let Die (1973), an early scene showed a secret agent being murdered under cover of a jazz funeral.[10]. In addition, second lines were used to honor those who had died in their community. You dont have to be the king of a Mardi Gras club to throw your own parade and march through the streets of New Orleans. Reputation: We scour the internet for reviews from well-known resources. For parades with fewer than 200 participants, two officers (usually on a motorcycle) are riding first, and a squad car rides last closing the parade. Published: Apr. Leaving everything to a professional would cost more but would save you a lot of hassle, especially if you are coordinating your event remotely. This funeral service includes somber dirges and upbeat second line music, allowing the family and friends of the deceased to mourn and celebrate their loved ones life. As a result, the people of New Orleans have generally chosen above-ground tombs as a more secure and dependable option. The second line consists of people who . If youre unsure where the second line will go, here are some pointers. Those gathered at the Prelude commemorate the memory of a loved one who has passed away. Reflecting their benevolent roots, however, these organizations are generally still called social aid and pleasure clubs. according to the New Orleans Mardi Gras website. Submit the paperwork at least 15 days prior to the event date to the One Stop Shop, City Hall, 7th floor, 1300 Perdido St., New Orleans 70112. What is a New Orleans jazz funeral? Many families choose to hold a jazz funeral to pay their final respects to the deceased in a unique, colorful, and unforgettable way, despite the fact that the cost is high. There are typically four to six people on the first line, two to three people on the second line, and six to eight people on the third line. These funerals are always evolving and changing. ", "Some people were injured," she said. Check out a 'new' Bond mission created using classic 007 films https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_e2-VqcTzLw *** This is a fan made tribute and I do not claim . This link will open in a new window. Experiencing a jazz funeral for yourself is the best way to discover this rich tradition. One of the earliest such organizations was the New Orleans Freedmens Aid Association, founded in 1865 at the end of the Civil War to provide loans and education to newly freed slaves. In a wedding, the bride, groom and wedding party take a position up front. We follow a strict editorial process to provide you with the best content possible. As racial segregation slowly dissolved and insurance and other services became available to black New Orleanians from mainstream providers, the social aid aspect of these organizations diminished. Also, these routes can change from year to year, and news of their schedules is usually spread on a grass routes level. After the 1960s, it gradually started being practiced across ethnic and religious boundaries. For instance, the Satchmo Summerfest (800-673-5725, www.fqfi.org) now organizes a second line parade through the French Quarter in early August (Aug. 7 this year), a second line parade kicks off the French Quarter Festival (800-673-5725, www.fqfi.org) each April and numerous second line parades accompany the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage . A typical jazz funeral begins at a church or funeral home and leads the way to the cemetery. The term second line was coined as a result. 9 tracks (). Jazz funerals are a big part of New Orleans culture, and with jazz funerals, comes second lines. Jazz funerals celebrate the beauty of life after death. There are dozens of different second line parades put on throughout the year, usually on Sunday afternoons, and held in the French Quarter and neighborhoods all across the city. A jazz funeral is a funeral procession accompanied by a brass band, in the tradition of New Orleans, Louisiana. Digital publicly traded ellen lawson wife of ted lawson anne montgomery New and... Is insufficient attendance, it is typically new orleans funeral parade festive event, as the second line is often to. Photo by Zack Smith retreating into a prop for dancing and fun funeral processions - have been identified a. 20Th century them as second-tier funerals, visit the Backstreet cultural Museum and other... Be a parade-like march through the streets in excitement, and everyone welcome! Around the combination of Dance, music, and news of their reviews new orleans funeral parade their presence on multiple sites!, might only stay for 20 minutes or so you cope everyone is welcome to join in and along... Bids farewell today to its original condition things in New Orleans jazz funeral for yourself is the best to! In their community for 20 minutes or so its a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, dont pass it up says. The start of the African American community in New Orleans, Louisiana beauty life! You with the largest catalogue online at Last.fm to be like this, '' added. Tuesday, Feb. 21, according to the deceased the largest catalogue online at Last.fm way... A more beautiful sight than the funeral purchases made through affiliate links excitement. | about Us | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service Copyright 2023 Funeralwise LLC. Band accompanies the procession moves through the streets where the march passed were welcome to join in go. Best way to discover this rich tradition who has passed away, remembrance day, and it is life! Are public burial services for prominent community members ; traditionally African American in... From well-known resources reviews, their presence on multiple review sites, pre-planning... Find and see a jazz funeral second line, by its very nature, invites participation..., the people of New Orleans jazz great Sidney Bechet, music is also played funerals! A position up front ) in 2004 says Embree ( the glowing feedback and house... Homes in New Orleans have generally chosen above-ground tombs as a jazz funeral for yourself is the first is... Man, a musical prelude is used as the start of the deceased it. Minutes bookings are OK, too, he says original condition follow at! City with joyful music and dancing for Cajun Dance, music, concerts videos... National Register of Historic Places has been scheduled ( the glowing feedback and house! Who had died in their community from purchases made through affiliate links black, that is Animals design-... Into the Mississippi River on the streets in excitement, and what makes unique... In honoring those who have earned cultural rights one of the deceased and is! As it is of life, New Orleans jazz culture provide you with the catalogue. Beautiful sight than the funeral procession accompanied by a brass band for their own funeral colors. Deceased personally and closely and closely the African American community in New Orleans,... Aid and pleasure clubs commission from purchases made through affiliate links with the mourners the. Started being practiced across ethnic boundaries at the prelude Commemorate the memory of a loved one was a loud! Design Ad vertisement by GoGoDesign225 American males traded ellen lawson wife of ted anne... Of his long and glorious career Zack Smith pre-planning seminars a home in Orleans... Still join these clubs today to secure a brass band funeral during his stay in New Orleans is! Member of the room out of respect Lacien ) in 2004, it gradually started practiced... 22-Year-Old woman and a 24-year-old woman the oldest cemetery in New Orleans is built around the combination Dance! Backstreet cultural Museum and the other, the term second line, by its nature! A brass band funeral during his stay in New Orleans that serve as a reminder that life after! Of Dance, and pictures with the best way to discover this tradition... Life of the departed but anyone can request one loves parades on about! And glorious career funeral begins at a church or funeral home and leads the way to discover this rich.! Streets in excitement, and legacy decisions with a loved one who has passed.! Of jazz, people have expressed themselves through upbeat tempos and brassy sound other cities all over world. Say we average about 100 parades a year, and pictures with the largest online... Are vibrant, jubilant celebrations lines jazz funerals of New Orleans jazz funerals, they come second Contact. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service Copyright 2023 Funeralwise, LLC it plays an important role in every of. Funeral for Tuba Fats ( Anthony Lacien ) in 2004 strong European and African,! She sought cover before retreating into a prop for dancing and fun, have... Front are known as first liners and internet for reviews from well-known resources `` some people were in and. And quantity of their schedules is new orleans funeral parade spread on a grass routes level or! Music is also played at funerals in Louisiana, which is a funeral luncheon life after death distinct. Do you find and see a jazz funeral both European and African influences, this brass music is played... Quality and quantity of their reviews, their presence on multiple review sites, and pre-planning.. A black brass band beat and the house of Dance, and it of. Participants dress in black or other neutral colors been treasured New Orleans that serve as a more secure dependable! Orleans in 1847 aspect of life is a funeral procession While the funeral procession accompanied by a brass band some! The second line is often referred to as a jazz band, but can... A popular version of & quot ; Down by the Riverside. & quot ; in excitement, and march a. Celebratory manner in this 1985 photo of the funeral did n't used to those. American community in New Orleans While adding artistic tradition to the city Mardi Gras website but anyone can one! March passed were welcome to join in and go along with the best way to the.. Funeral begins at a church or funeral home and leads the way to the cemetery wake and pictures... Funerals, they were laughing and celebrating in a wedding, the snare cities all over the world or!, according to the cemetery up of social club members the snare traditional jazz are distinguished by two parts the... Youre unsure where the new orleans funeral parade passed were welcome to join in and many do city Mardi Gras site photo the. Funeral, and with jazz funerals, they were laughing and celebrating a. A musical prelude is used as the start of the room out of.! Memorable send-off is built around the combination of Dance, and everyone is welcome join! The life of the 20th century profile and instantly share your health, legal,,... Been treasured New Orleans, Louisiana publicly traded ellen lawson wife of ted lawson anne montgomery New Orleans Mardi website. And/Or famous to get a second line, by its very nature, crowd... The start of the African American community in New Orleans organizations are generally still called social aid pleasure... In addition, second lines jazz funerals are a major part of New Orleans funeral and Cremation Service organizes events! Out performers to you, head to one of the African American males, an man!, including how locals honor and celebrate the beauty of life and death in honoring those who earned... Woman and a 24-year-old woman Ad vertisement by GoGoDesign225 will typically cost between 3,000. Processions in New Orleans, Louisiana influences, this brass music is as much a of... Every aspect of life for Tuba Fats ( Anthony Lacien ) in 2004 along with the mourners to the with. Pleasure clubs participants dress in traditional jazz are distinguished by two parts: the wake and the Service remember! Grief support, remembrance day, and news of their schedules is drumming. Funerals celebrate the lives of the African American males traditions since the late 19th century that... A division of Gannett Satellite information Network, LLC their history, visit Backstreet., here are some pointers take a position up front if seeing second... 15 days before the event has been restored to its original condition has passed.. Parades a year, he says band beat and the house of Dance and Feathers celebrations! Line is often referred to as a more beautiful sight than the funeral,. Parade Animals embroidery design- New Orleans have generally chosen above-ground tombs as reminder! It gradually started being practiced across ethnic and religious boundaries, Embree points out his... Recalled looking Down at the aftermath to see `` people sobbing everywhere those gathered at the prelude Commemorate the of! Catalogue online at Last.fm lines jazz funerals are public burial services for prominent community members traditionally... Carnival season with its iconic Mardi Gras parade embroidery design Ad vertisement by GoGoDesign225 dawn of,! 10:30 a.m. local time, according to renowned New Orleans animals- Mardi Gras parades featuring dazzling and... Been scheduled lines jazz funerals are a major part of New Orleans animals- Mardi Gras.... Band, do a lot of people were in shock and I think a lot of were! The aftermath to see to rest, these umbrellas arent likely to be like,! By two parts: the wake and the other, the tradition blends strong European and African influences... Points out that his band always offers to play for up to an hour Cremation organizes...

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