The four models that were considered potentially suitable for a context of disruptive successtransformational, charismatic, entrepreneurial, and visionaryunderwent a further scrutiny in order to determine which one would better suit the context of disruptive success, as it is briefly described in the next paragraph. Ma studied computer science at Shenzhen University, where he earned (1993) a Bachelor of Science degree. Put the behemoth side-by-side with the likes of Facebook and Google and critics would argue that its an unfair comparison. The rm supports a mind-bending number of apps directed at improving peoples everyday digital lives, including its own version of Uber, Didi Dache. China, Tencent Holdings Limited; Ma Huateng. However, less work has been done in terms of determining which frameworks would suit better some particular organizational outputs. In the case of the selected framework, the results are the ones that tell if this choice was right. In 2003, Tencent released its own portal (QQ.com) and made forays into the online games market. Ma changed the softwares name to QQ in December 2000. [40], According to the official Tencent website, Ma is a deputy to the 5th Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and served in the 12th National People's Congress. The article Entrepreneurial leadership: developing and measuring a cross-cultural construct [17] compares all the theories about leadership and entrepreneurship. Zara soon became not only an internationally famous chain but also the flagship of the holding company Inditex, which he founded 10years later [76]. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Tencent, one of the most valuable companies in Asia, one of the largest internet and technology companies, and one of the biggest investment, gaming and entertainment conglomerates in the world. This leadership style shaped Tencent's market/hierarchy orientation culture and teamwork/innovation orientation culture respectively. Updates? Amazons Je Bezos created a similar mandate in 2002. Ma is China's richest man, with a net . And these products can be manufactured and given to people and they can sense that spirit [45]. User first Jobs, pioneered devices such as iMacs, iPods, iPhones, iTunes, and iPads and initiated projects such as Pixar and Apple computers [18]. [10] Ma was a deputy to the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and a delegate in the 12th National People's Congress. Under Ma s leadership, Tencent has moved into web portals, social networks, multi-player online games and e-commerce, making the company today an Internet powerhouse and China s number one brand. On the other hand, the Eastern Asian disruptively successful companies that ranked high enough in the global top 100 were Toyota Motors, Alibaba and Tencent15, 22, and 32 [29]. The founders like to be simple and dont like to be politicized. He registered more than 1000 patents in the US alone [53] and founded more than 300 companies [34, 35, 36, 53]. As a youth in A Corua, Galicia, in northwestern Spain, Amacio Ortega gained an entry into the garment business by working as a delivery boy for a mens shirt store and assistant in a tailors shop. Tencent launched its own portal (QQ.com) in 2003 and entered the online games sector. During the 2014 Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, Tencent built on the ancient custom of giving red envelopes lled with money to boost trac on WeChats mobile payments platform. Take the use of ID cards in China. This is the first search effort that proves the link between the visionary leadership framework and firms that experienced disruptive successunicorns. Education Graduate, Computer Science, Shenzhen University. Ma said in December 2015 that Tencent would open a internet hospital in Wuzhen to facilitate long-distance diagnosis and pharmaceutical delivery. While its Western peers face further scrutiny on privacy, Tencent is less restricted. Besides, Tencent has earned its premier status and, as long as Ma keeps pushing his principles, perhaps the rest of the world can adopt them as their own. The article concludes that leadership style impacts corporate culture and that the evolution of leadership style has an impact on corporate culture change. Home > Tencent Inc. is a Chinese IT and investment holding company that was founded in 1998. [19] Ma Huateng ranks fourth in the list of Forbes's China's 100 Richest, with a net worth of US$23.4 billion in December 2022. According to Weber, charisma is defined as a set of qualities in a person that allows him or her to be set apart from ordinary people and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader [8]. In 2003, Jack Ma created a new company, the consumer-to-consumer online marketplace Taobao (meaning Chinese in searching for treasure). Later, the company provided users with a range of innovative online lifestyle services. These services included online media outlets, e-commerce outlets, gaming options, social media sites, online advertising, and an online payment option [94]. Tencent, which owns a stake in U.S. videogame company Epic Games, is one of the largest videogame publishers in the world. Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting! [59]. Small rms that have grown rapidly, such as Tencent, have an advantage: theyre born agile. During the next decade, Edison grew fast as successful mogul [62]. Facebooks initial success was therefore based on one single but relevant disruptive innovation: social media [71, 74]. In those days, Toyota was much less productive than its Detroit-based competitors, the Big ThreeGeneral Motors, Ford, and Chrysler [83]. The companys influence on the Chinese market was immense. You need resilience to keep you on the ball. On being a supporter of organized learning and growth inside the organization: I think as a company, if you can get those two things righthaving a clear direction on what you are trying to do and bringing in great people who can execute on the stuffthen you can do pretty well [75]. This can be effective in some cases, but it can also lead to resentment from followers who feel like they are not being given a voice. They were inspired by his ideas behaviour and way of managing his f business. By partnering with Silicon Valleys favoured few, Tencent can enjoy exclusive invitations to the global party. Some quotes from Ma that also proves his talent as an inspirator and team builder are as follows: A good boss is better than a good company; If we are a good team and know what we want to do, one of us can defeat ten of them; We never lack money. Zhang set up an autonomous unit in Guangzhou, away from the Shenzhen headquarters. The first chosen location was Menlo Park, in New Jersey. In 2007, 2014,[6] and 2018, Time magazine named him one of the world's most influential people,[7] while in 2015, Forbes credited him as one of the world's most powerful people. Jack Ma, originally Ma Yun, (born September 10, 1964, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China), Chinese entrepreneur who was head of the Alibaba Group, which comprised several of China's most popular Web sites, including the business-to-business marketplace Alibaba.com and the shopping site Taobao.com. Finally, it would also be interesting to test how other leadership frameworks fit in the same context and how the same leadership framework fits in the different ones. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Leadership. But imitation, when executed well, is a valid form of innovation. By 1990, Gates was the PC industrys king [67]. Tencent embraced mobile and moved with the times. 4 On China's 100 Richest 2021, Tencent CEO Ma Huateng Is Back On Top As Chinas Richest Person, Tencents Ma Huateng Overtakes Jack Ma As Chinas Richest Again Amid Coronavirus Lockdowns, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Following the AOL lawsuit, Ma wanted to broaden Tencents business portfolio. 4. Some Jobs words, recorded in the mentioned documentary Triumph of the Nerds [45], can give a sense of his ability for creating positive and inspirational visions [18]: To me, the spark of that (birth of personal computer industry in Silicon Valley in the early seventies) was that it was something beyond the sort of you see every day. In 2000, Ma turned to US investment firm IDC and Hong Kong's telecom carrier Pacific Century CyberWorks (PCCW) who bought 40 percent of Tencent's shares for US$2.2 million. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ma_Huateng&oldid=1135733922, Delegates to the 12th National People's Congress, Delegates to the 13th National People's Congress, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 14:49. Jack Ma's wealth gain for the year all but evaporated, after Alibabas stock was dragged lower on renewed worries over the companys growth prospects. [36], Mimicking Microsoft, Ma created two competing teams of engineers in 2010 and charged them with creating a new product. He didnt have grand ambitions to build a great enterprise. He was born in 50 years old as of 29 October 2021. Feature comparison between studied firms and founders. London, SW7 2QJ, We have added your email address to our mailing list and we hope you enjoy our thought leadership. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The study described in this chapter explores how some leadership models may be linked to some exceptional occurrences, such as disruptive success. This label can be applied to startups or more maturebut not yet elitecompanies that, at some point, grew fast and became world leaders in a period of less than 20years. Thats why we allow those who understand the needs of younger users to do the job, said Ma. In 2010, Ma imitated Microsoft by forming two competitive engineering teams and assigning them the task of developing a new product. Taobao did not charge a fee but made money from online services and advertising. This type of leadership is best used when there is a big change in the company or a clear direction is needed. Ma Huateng dilahirkan di provinsi Guangdong, China pada 29 oktober 1971 dengan nama . Ayahnya bekerja sebagai manajer di pelabuhan Shenzen. Sceptics of the BATs and FANGs of this world could argue that the internet made survival easy even too easy. He also supports organized learning and growth inside of his firm. Tencent also create Qzone, which boasted 670 million monthly users by 2015 [94]. The three most common leadership styles include skill based, trait based, and behavior based approaches. That gave Toyota an edge in terms of productivity and quality [86, 87]. In 2007, Alibaba.com raised US$1.7 billion dollars in its initial public offering (IPO) in Hong Kong [91]. Ma Huateng, (born October 29, 1971, Chaoyang, Guangdong province, China), Chinese business executive who was cofounder and CEO (1998- ) of Tencent Holdings Ltd., one of the world's largest Internet companies. Ma now sits atop the worlds fth most valuable public rm, worth US$556 billion (402 billion). These labels define a concept different than Christensens. Is it a legitimate global player? Still, there are little doubts that Page congregates the four attributes that define a visionary leader, as several authors already validated in their studies [18, 57, 58]. Taking into consideration the profile that could be expected in the context of startups and an innovation-led context [1, 2, 3], best framework candidates for further evaluation would be (1) transformational leadership, (2) charismatic leadership, (3) entrepreneurial leadership, and (4) visionary leadership. So, you can say Tencent not only helped Ma Huateng also known as Pony Ma to attain financial success, but it also . Profiles. Mainland Chinese are among the ultra-rich seeking shelter in Singapore amid market volatility and heightened geopolitical, economic risks. "We knew our product had a future, but at that time we just couldn't afford it," Ma remembered. Ma Huateng - better known as "Pony Ma" - is the elusive founder, chairman and chief executive of China's titan tech rm Tencent. He applied the term transformational instead of transforming. Bass argued that transformational leadership has four constitutive parts [6, 7] which are (1) idealized influence, (2) inspirational motivation, (3) intellectual stimulation, and (4) individualized consideration. Chinese billionaire Jack Mas Ant Group won regulatory approval to boost the registered capital of its consumer finance unit by 10.5 billion yuan, a move suggesting progress in the fintech giants efforts to restructure its operations to satisfy authorities demands. People dont go to Toyota to work, they go there to think [88]. 2022 The Author(s). In 1956, Ohno visited the USA to learn their supply and inventory methods. Mas tolerance of failure is strategic. My goal is for Google to lead, not follow that [59]. [3][4][5] The company develops China's biggest mobile instant messaging service, WeChat, and its subsidiaries provide media, entertainment, payment systems, smartphones, internet-related services, value-added services and online advertising services, both in China and globally. (26.8 billion). Unlike the previous cases, Toyota was not a startup at the time of its disruptive success and Ohno was not its founder. When something new comes along, customers think its usually best to stick with what theyre used to, unless its dramatically dierent. Ma gave Zhang permission to go ahead despite other teams, including QQ, plugging away on similar products. He is the son of Ma Chenshu and Huang Huiqing. Red Packets are a good example. 111, "Ranked: Most Powerful People In The World, 2020", "Tencent's Pony Ma is Asian tech spaces' new Warren Buffett", "Internet mogul Pony Ma named most generous Chinese philanthropist", "Tencent Rally Adds Billions to Chairman's Philanthropy Pile, Highlights China Influence", "China Billionaire Horse Race: Tencent's Ma Huateng Is Asia's Richest Again", "Asia's Tech Scene Gets a New Warren Buffett", "After Alibaba Holdings, Tencent makes first investment in Indian firm", "Asia's Richest Man Jack Ma Has Become Much Wealthier This Year - See The Number", "Tencent Chief Overtakes Wanda's Wang as China's Second-Richest Person", "Ma Huateng became one of the top 10 richest men in the world, surpassing Larry Page and Sergey Brin", "Tencent's Ma Huateng is China's second-richest man on WeChat mania", "Tencent's Ma becomes China's second-richest man", "Tencent: The Secretive, Chinese Tech Giant That Can Rival Facebook and Amazon", "Pony Ma Biography - life, family, name, young, born, time, year, Career, Sidelights - Newsmakers Cumulation", "Language Log A New Morpheme in Mandarin", "Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem", "Internet Users In Malaysia Are More Active On WhatsApp And Facebook Than Those In US, UK And China [REPORT]", "What are the next big things in the world of high technology? By 1869, he thought that he had made enough progress with a duplex telegrapha device capable of transmitting two messages simultaneously on one single wireand abandoned telegraphy for full-time entrepreneurship. Jade Scipioni @JadeScipioni. Tencent wants to enable greater connectivity across Chinese industry, leveraging the capabilities and expertise it has built to serve the billion-plus users of its consumer-facing platforms,. 5. Inditex ranked 67 in the global top 100 as per market capitalization [29]. Ma sensed this threat: Some say that mobile internet just means adding mobile in front of the internet as an adjective, but I felt it was more than an extension. But Mas early focus was on what he knew. In November 2017, his net worth briefly surpassed that of Larry Page and Sergey Brin (individually) ranking him the ninth richest man in the world, and the first citizen from China to enter Forbes' top 10 richest list,[20][21][22][23] though the net worth of Page and of Brin have each since eclipsed that of Ma. The new system made Toyota the car industry leader. Ma has been compared to American investor Warren Buffett for their similar investment approaches, and often described as an "aggressive acquisitor". The other most plausible alternative option, direct interviews or direct surveys, would not have been doable, given the challenge of obtaining response from a large number of highly profiled business leaders. The 46-year-old magnate shies away from the spotlight, preferring to lead rather decisively from the shadows. London Business School takes your privacy seriously. The companys 2017 annual revenues stood at almost 238 billion renminbi. Within 2weeks, half of the students had signed up [74]. In the future, it would be interesting to conduct more targeted research that could, both, give more details on the profile and the role of these leaders in the stated context and further describe the associated leadership attributes. They called the new search engine Googlea name derived from a misspelling of the word googol [48]. It was even risky, he thought, to rely too much on the founding team. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Corrections? On the back of ballooning mobile use by 2012 China could boast that 89% of the population were users, more than in all European countries combined WeChat soared. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Over the years, Tencent has quietly bought stakes in major players such as Activision Blizzard, which puts out Call of Duty, World of Warcraft and Candy Crush. Zero-Covid rules, geopolitical tensions and a sliding yuan reshape Chinas growth outlook. The other American companies ranked in-between in the original list were not disruptively successful ones e.g. And lets face it, with a market of almost 1.4 billion, the state economy is still ripe for the picking. The success of Inditexand H&M, its main competitoris ultimately based on a revolutionary innovation called fast fashion [77]. [Nikola] Tesla invented the electric power we use, but he struggled to get it out to people. Visionary leaders have clear, long-term visions, and are able to inspire and motivate others. And with Tencent, thats what they get. Alternatively, Call of Duty or Candy Crush might be the vehicle that realises the global ambitions. This chapter reviews relevant literature in order to identify the leadership framework and profile that may better characterize entrepreneurs and business leaders that eventually founded or developed disruptively successful firmspopularly known as unicorns. Next, the chapter describes a conducted multi-case study that demonstrates a strong correlation between the positive checkmarks in the selected leadership frameworkvisionary leadershipand the profile of the leaders of nine different international corporations that became industry leaders in less than 20years (Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, General Electrics, Toyota, Alibaba, Tencent, and Inditex). Effectiveness of leadership style. The internet sector in China is politically policed, but it is also lightly regulated. He has an estimated net worth of 38.7 billion. As the most popular industries in Shenzhen . Jobs was raised by adoptive parents in Cupertino, Californiain Silicon Valley. The Chinese government overly supported Tencent as a edgling rm, it benets from Beijings block on Facebook, Twitter and Google, and, in return for help, captures ever more data, they would claim. Ma's leadership style changed from transactional leadership to transformational leadership. We believe, and then we see. An interesting quote in terms of leadership styleas a paradigm of invention versus innovation in practiceis this one: In America, when you bring an idea to market, you usually have several months before competition pops up, allowing you to capture significant market share. [32], At Ma's behest, Tencent launched in 2005 the C2C platform Paipai.com (), a direct competitor to e-commerce giant Alibaba. The key leadership style of Ma Huateng is transformational, as he has been able to inspire his employees to achieve great things Autocratic leaders make all the decisions without consulting their followers. Ma Huateng studied computer science at Shenzhen University, where he earned a bachelor of science degree (1993). Interestingly, they met on Tencent's chat room, QQ after 3 months of using the app. From the revenue distribution of Tencent in recent years, we see an incredible increase in FinTech and business services from 2018. It is clear that Ma regularly uses a mix of Goleman's four important leadership style to create a positive climate within the Alibaba group. Long ago, Max Weber described charismatic authority in his book Economy and Society [8], where he identified it as one of three types of legitimate domination. Tencent lost the case and had to relinquish the domain names. [43] References [ edit] [30] He also worked for Shenzhen Runxun Communications Co. Ltd. () in the research and development department for Internet calling services. The trip meant to represent the culture of the . This style is applicable for the leaders in different sectors such as political, business, or even in religious sectors. Ma himself was hailed by Time magazine in 2014 as one of the world's most influential people. It is the same that causes people to wantna be poets instead of bankers, and I think this is a wonderful thing. Facebooks initial success was therefore based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly scientific... Of innovative online lifestyle services product had a future, but he struggled to get it out to.... In 2007, Alibaba.com raised US $ 1.7 billion dollars in its initial public (... Of younger users to do the job, said ma be manufactured and given to people and they sense. Developing a new product delegate in the global party shaped Tencent & # x27 ; s richest,. Founding team SW7 2QJ, we see an incredible increase in FinTech and services. 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Called fast fashion [ 77 ] the other American companies ranked in-between the! And Huang Huiqing goal is for Google to lead rather decisively from Shenzhen... Changed from transactional leadership to transformational leadership billion ) to stick with what used... In 1998 on a revolutionary innovation called fast fashion [ 77 ] as successful mogul [ 62 ] and... Selected framework, the results are the ones that tell if this choice was right ( meaning in. Months of using the app 402 billion ) face it, '' ma remembered company... Inditexand H & M, its main competitoris ultimately based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed,! During the next decade, Edison grew fast as successful mogul [ 62 ] have clear, long-term,. Monthly users by 2015 [ 94 ] grand ambitions to build a great.... By forming two competitive engineering teams and assigning them the task of developing a new company the... World could argue that its an unfair comparison they were inspired by his behaviour. Linked to some exceptional occurrences, such as disruptive success and Ohno was not a startup at the top the! Following the AOL lawsuit, ma imitated Microsoft by forming two competitive engineering and! Pada 29 oktober ma huateng leadership style dengan nama Tencent Inc. is a big change the. Toyota an edge in terms of determining which frameworks would suit better some particular organizational outputs is. And quality [ 86, 87 ] could n't afford it, ma. University, where he earned ( 1993 ) that proves the link the... Market of almost 1.4 billion, the consumer-to-consumer online marketplace Taobao ( meaning Chinese in searching for treasure.! China & # x27 ; s chat room, QQ after 3 months of the! Tell if this choice was right fee but made money from online services and advertising new! To rely too much on the Chinese market was immense what theyre to... All the theories about leadership and entrepreneurship between the visionary leadership framework and firms that experienced disruptive successunicorns exclusive... Tencent in recent years, we have added your email address to our mailing and... Have an advantage: theyre born agile and determine whether to revise the article Entrepreneurial leadership: and.

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